Alignment and Human-in-the-Loop: Making AI Safe and Useful

John Schulman pioneered PPO and RLHF to ensure LLMs like GPT are aligned with human intent (hub overview).

Techniques include:

• PPO: maximize E[min(r(θ)·A, clip(r(θ),1−ε,1+ε)·A)]
• RLHF for human-guided behavior refinement
• Instruction-following and safety checks

Alignment relies on prior scaling principles and generalization mechanisms.

Global Deployment of AI: Lessons from OpenAI

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